String theory has great significance because of its flexible strings.Why we need it? Einstein equations break down at the instance of Big Bang and at the center of black hole. There are two places in the universe which are beyond our reach using Einstein’s equations. String theory takes us before the Big Bang.
String theory is a cosmological theory based on the existence of cosmic strings. In this theory world is thought to be made of one-dimensional string.The fundamental objects of string theory are open and closed strings. The average size of a string should be somewhere near the length scale of quantum gravity, called the Planck length, which is about 10^33 centimeters, or about a millionth of a billionth of a billionth of a billionth of a centimeter. This suggests that strings are to small to be detected by current technology.
But how string theory takes us before the Big Bang? String theory says that there is a Multiverse. Universes in multiverse can collide to form a large universe and a universe can split into two universes. And hence big bang occurred by merging or fission of universe.
String theory is infamous as an theoretical framework to understand all forces in the universe a so-called -"theory of everything" - that can't be tested with current instrumentation because the energy level and size scale to see the effects of string theory are too extreme. However Large Hadron collider (LHC, the largest particle accelerator in the world) with a circumference of 27 km cannot see strings. We need an alternative method to prove this theory.
Particles have their supersymmetric partners and therefore strings should have a partner. Supersymmetric partners to currently known particles have not been observed in particle experiments, but theorists believe this is because supersymmetric particles are too massive to be detected at current accelerators. Particle accelerators could be on the verge of finding evidence for high energy supersymmetry in the next decade.
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